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Sociology (from Latin: socius, "companion"; and the suffix -ology, "the
study of", from Greek λόγος, lógos, "knowledge) is an academic and applied
discipline that studies society and human social interaction. Sociological
research ranges from the analysis of short contacts between anonymous
individuals on the street to the study of global social processes. The field
focuses on how and why people are organized in society, either as individuals or
as members of associations, groups, and institutions. As an academic discipline,
sociology is typically considered a social science.One useful way to describe
the discipline is as a cluster of sub-disciplines (sometimes called fields) that
examine different dimensions of society. For example, social stratification
studies inequality and class structure; demography studies changes in a
population size or type; criminology examines criminal behavior and deviance;
political sociology studies government and laws; and the sociology of race and
sociology of gender examine the social construction of race and gender as well
as race and gender inequality. New sociological fields and sub-fields—such as
network analysis and environmental sociology—continue to evolve; many of them
are cross-disciplinary in nature.Sociological research provides educators,
planners, lawmakers, administrators, developers, business leaders, and people
interested in resolving social problems and formulating public policy with
rationales for the actions that they take.Sociologists study society and social
action by examining the groups and social institutions people form, as well as
various social, religious, political, and business organizations. They also
study the social interactions of people and groups, trace the origin and growth
of social processes, and analyze the influence of group activities on individual
members and vice versa. The results of sociological research aid educators,
lawmakers, administrators, and others interested in resolving social problems,
working for social justice and formulating public policy.
Sociologists research macro-structures and processes that
organize or affect society, such as race or ethnicity, gender, globalization,
and social class stratification. They study institutions such as the family and
social processes that represent deviation from, or the breakdown of, social
structures, including crime and divorce. And, they research micro-processes such
as interpersonal interactions and the socialization of individuals. Sociologists
are also concerned with the effect of social traits such as sex, age, or race on
a person’s daily life.
Most sociologists work in one or more specialties, such as social
stratification, social organization, and social mobility; ethnic and race
relations; education; family; social psychology; urban, rural, political, and
comparative sociology; sex roles and relationships; demography; gerontology;
criminology; and sociological practice. In short, sociologists study the many
faces of society.Learn Sociology, SCHOOLS Sociology, COLLEGES Sociology,
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